Harmonisasi Regulasi Pengawasan OJK dan Fatwa DSN-MUI dalam Pencegahan Praktik Pinjaman Online Ilegal

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the convergence and harmonization between positive legal instruments—specifically the Law on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (UU P2SK), Government Regulation Number 5 of 2023, and Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 40 of 2024—and the ethical-theological framework outlined in the National Sharia Board of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) Fatwa Number 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 and the 2021 Indonesian Ulema Council Ijtima Decision. Using a normative juridical research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this article elaborates that the current state authority tends to be trapped in reactive-administrative enforcement and overlapping investigation authorities, while the sharia approach offers a very strong preventive-ethical basis but lacks executory coercive power. The results show that harmonizing these two regimes can create an ideal multi-layered protection framework. Billing ethics strictly prohibited by MUI (such as exposing disgrace and intimidation) find their absolute criminal justification channels through the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) and UU P2SK. In conclusion, the integration of maqashid sharia values into OJK's operational compliance standards, combined with the strengthening of inclusive financial literacy through socio-religious infrastructure and the revitalization of Sharia Cooperatives as a safe haven, is the most essential strategy in mitigating and eradicating the illegal pinjol ecosystem in Indonesia.